# 常用命令
# 查看nginx的版本号
nginx -v
# 启动nginx
start nginx
# 快速停止或关闭nginx
nginx -s stop
# 正常停止或关闭nginx
nginx -s quit
# 配置文件nginx.conf修改重装载命令
nginx -s reload
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# 静态文件代理
修改nginx.conf（/use/local/nginx）
添加如下server
server {
listen 8088;
server_name web_resources;
# 代理文件地址
root /data/nginx/static;
# 开启浏览器文件目录访问
autoindex on;
# 拦截所有的请求
location / {
# 禁止浏览器使用缓存
# add_header Cache-Control no-store;
# 设置浏览器缓存策略，过期时间为一个月
add_header Cache-Control "public,max-age=2592000";
# 解决跨域问题
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
}
}
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设置好后重启nginx，查看前端的header，如图所示证明设置有效
# 设置缓存策略
Cache-Control： max-age 该指令指定从当前请求开始，允许获取的响应被重用的最长时间(单位为秒。
例如：Cache-Control:max-age=60表示响应可以再缓存和重用 60 秒。需要注意的是，在max-age指定的时间之内，浏览器不会向服务器发送任何请求，包括验证缓存是否有效的请求，也就是说，如果在这段时间之内，服务器上的资源发生了变化，那么浏览器将不能得到通知，而使用老版本的资源。所以在设置缓存时间的长度时，需要慎重。
public和private ，如果设置了public，表示该响应可以再浏览器或者任何中继的Web代理中缓存，public是默认值，即Cache-Control:max-age=60等同于Cache-Control:public, max-age=60。 在服务器设置了private比如Cache-Control:private, max-age=60的情况下，表示只有用户的浏览器可以缓存private响应，不允许任何中继Web代理对其进行缓存 - 例如，用户浏览器可以缓存包含用户私人信息的 HTML 网页，但是 CDN 不能缓存。
# 不使用缓存
add_header Cache-Control no-store;
# 设置缓存时间2592000秒
add_header Cache-Control "public,max-age=2592000";
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# 使用gzip压缩
修改nginx.conf（/use/local/nginx）
修改如下server
server { #web_resources
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/javascript application/json image/jpeg image/png image/gif;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
gzip_vary on;
listen 8088;
server_name web_resources;
root /data/nginx/static;
autoindex on;
location / {
# add_header Cache-Control no-store;
add_header Cache-Control "public,max-age=2592000";
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
}
}
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重启nginx，访问资源文件，如图所示就是成功了
| 参数 | 说明 | 默认值 |
|---|---|---|
| gzip on/off | 开启/关闭gzip压缩 | 默认是off |
| gzip_min_length 1k | 允许压缩的页面最小字节数 | 默认为0 |
| gzip_buffers 4 16k | 系统获取几个单位的缓存用于存储gzip的压缩结果数据流，4 16k 代表以16k为单位，按照原始数据大小以16k为单位的4倍申请内存 | |
| gzip_http_version 1.1 | 设置http1.1协议才进行压缩 | 默认为1.1 |
| gzip_comp_level 6 | 表示gzip的压缩级别，范围是1-9，数据越大，压缩的越小，耗CPU，传输更快，一般选择适中的级别 | 默认为1 |
| gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php application/javascript application/json | 设置哪种类型可以进行压缩，需要什么类型可以在参考nginx.conf同目录下的mime.types文件 | 默认是text/html |
| gzip_disable “MSIE [1-6].” | 禁用gzip的条件，这里表示禁用IE1-6的版本，因为低版本不支持gzip | |
| gzip_vary on | 给代理服务器用的，有的浏览器支持压缩，有的不支持，所以避免浪费不支持的也压缩，所以根据客户端的HTTP头来判断是否需要压缩 |
# 动态服务代理
# 代理后台服务
upstream geoserver{
ip_hash;
server 192.168.1.251:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.1.252:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.1.253:8080 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 8282;
server_name 192.168.1.251;
location / {
proxy_pass http://geoserver;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
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如上设置proxy_set_header后，我们访问nginx代理的服务时，就不会因为打开新页面而跳转回原地址了
比如：nginx代理的地址为：192.168.1.251:8282
项目地址为：192.168.1.124:8181
在打开新的页面时地址不会由251变成124或其他地址
upstream geoserver{
ip_hash;
server 192.168.1.251:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.1.252:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.1.253:8080 weight=1;
}
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upstream用于负载均衡
# 配置多个代理
可以配置多个代理服务
# 接口服务
server {
listen 8090;
server_name njzy.natapp1.cc;
charset utf-8;
location /project/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.106:8080/;
}
location /one/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.243:9000/;
}
}
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# 配置VUE项目
server {
listen 8071 ;
listen [::]:8071 ;
server_name zrzyweb; # 这里是网站的域名
location / {
root E:/data/vue/zrzy; # /vue/dist/ 打包后的dist目录
try_files $uri $uri/ @router; # 指向下面的 @router否则会出现 404
index index.html index.htm;
}
# 对应上面的 @router,主要Vue请求并不是真实路径，无法找到文件，需要重定向到 index.html 中，然后交给路由处理
location @router {
rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
}
}
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# NGINX语法
NGINX可以在一个server中使用不同判断，对不同的问价进行区别处理
# 匹配指定后缀文件
server {
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|css)$ {
# 匹配后需要做的事情
#设置缓存上面定义的后缀文件缓存到浏览器的生存时间
expires 3d;
}
}
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# NGINX解决跨域
配置如下：
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'DNT,web-token,app-token,Authorization,Accept,Origin,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Mx-ReqToken,X-Data-Type,X-Auth-Token,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type,Range';
add_header 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers' 'Content-Length,Content-Range';
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 1728000;
add_header 'Content-Type' 'text/plain; charset=utf-8';
add_header 'Content-Length' 0;
return 204;
}
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /var/www/html;
}
}
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# NGINX防盗链
待补充
###补充类容
- NGINX中文件类型对应关系
types {
text/html html htm shtml;
text/css css;
text/xml xml;
image/gif gif;
image/jpeg jpeg jpg;
application/javascript js;
application/atom+xml atom;
application/rss+xml rss;
text/mathml mml;
text/plain txt;
text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad;
text/vnd.wap.wml wml;
text/x-component htc;
image/png png;
image/svg+xml svg svgz;
image/tiff tif tiff;
image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp;
image/webp webp;
image/x-icon ico;
image/x-jng jng;
image/x-ms-bmp bmp;
font/woff woff;
font/woff2 woff2;
application/java-archive jar war ear;
application/json json;
application/mac-binhex40 hqx;
application/msword doc;
application/pdf pdf;
application/postscript ps eps ai;
application/rtf rtf;
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml;
application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz;
application/vnd.ms-excel xls;
application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot;
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics odg;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation odp;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet ods;
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text odt;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
pptx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
xlsx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
docx;
application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc;
application/x-7z-compressed 7z;
application/x-cocoa cco;
application/x-java-archive-diff jardiff;
application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp;
application/x-makeself run;
application/x-perl pl pm;
application/x-pilot prc pdb;
application/x-rar-compressed rar;
application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm;
application/x-sea sea;
application/x-shockwave-flash swf;
application/x-stuffit sit;
application/x-tcl tcl tk;
application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt;
application/x-xpinstall xpi;
application/xhtml+xml xhtml;
application/xspf+xml xspf;
application/zip zip;
application/octet-stream bin exe dll;
application/octet-stream deb;
application/octet-stream dmg;
application/octet-stream iso img;
application/octet-stream msi msp msm;
audio/midi mid midi kar;
audio/mpeg mp3;
audio/ogg ogg;
audio/x-m4a m4a;
audio/x-realaudio ra;
video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp;
video/mp2t ts;
video/mp4 mp4;
video/mpeg mpeg mpg;
video/quicktime mov;
video/webm webm;
video/x-flv flv;
video/x-m4v m4v;
video/x-mng mng;
video/x-ms-asf asx asf;
video/x-ms-wmv wmv;
video/x-msvideo avi;
}
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# 完整nginx.conf配置文件
{
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# vue
server {
listen 8071 ;
listen [::]:8071 ;
server_name zrzyweb; # 这里是网站的域名
# root /var/www/ec; # /vue/dist/ 打包后的dist目录
location / {
root E:/data/vue/zrzy; # /vue/dist/ 打包后的dist目录
try_files $uri $uri/ @router; # 指向下面的 @router否则会出现 404
index index.html index.htm;
}
# 对应上面的 @router,主要Vue请求并不是真实路径，无法找到文件，需要重定向到 index.html 中，然后交给路由处理
location @router {
rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
}
}
# 静态文件
server { #web_resources
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/javascript application/json image/jpeg image/png image/gif;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.";
gzip_vary on;
listen 8088;
server_name web_resources;
root /data/nginx/static;
autoindex on;
location / {
# add_header Cache-Control no-store;
add_header Cache-Control "public,max-age=2592000";
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
}
}
# 接口服务
server {
listen 8090;
server_name njzy.natapp1.cc;
charset utf-8;
location /project/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.106:8080/;
}
location /one/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.243:9000/;
}
location /two/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.100:9000/;
}
location /three/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.100:8085/;
}
}
}
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